Reflectors

These are mandatory on all bikes. By law, there must be a red reflector at least 38mm in diameter at the rear of the bike. Orange reflectors are fitted to both wheels and the front and back of pedals. A white reflector is mounted at the front of the bike. Remember, reflectors alone will not make the night cyclist visible.

Lights

If you ride a bike at night you must by law use lights – a white light at the front and a red light at the rear, and these can be steady or flashing.

Remember that lights are used as much for you being seen by motor vehicle drivers as they are for illuminating the ground ahead of you.

The types and prices of lights very greatly but modern, lightweight LED lights are no longer prohibitively expensive and can be very powerful, maximising you chances of being seen. LED lights in particular give out a very narrow beam of light and must be aimed in the right direction for drivers to be able to see them clearly.

High visibility clothing

Bright, high visibility clothes are best for riding during the day and night. For riding at night clothes with reflective panels are best. A range of reflective jackets, vests and shirts are available from bicycle shops that slip over your ordinary cycling clothing.

Reflective anklets, reflective tape and stickers are also highly recommended. These are cheap yet effective at making riders much more conspicuous at night and most of them can be attached to anywhere on the bike, the helmet or rider.

Being alert

The number one rule is to cycle defensively. Watch out for joggers, walkers, other cyclists and cars - and make sure they know you're there.

At night, cars approaching with their headlights on high beam can dazzle a rider, so be prepared.

Watch your shadow if you are approached by a car from behind. If your shadow does not start to move to the left as the car approaches, move your bike to the left.